Bertola Oriana Melisa
Montenegro María Victoria
Suarez Carolina del Mar
Citation Based on APA Style
Writing academically requires special attention to its structure, appropriate linguistic register and the use of suitable in-text citations, and references. The latter refers to some information about the sources used in the text and they should be written in a separate page. Whereas in- text citations are inserted in the text and include the source and the main idea from an author. In order to avoid plagiarism, writers should bear in mind the American Psychological Association (APA). This documentation style is used for research in the science field and it provides the author’s credibility. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the article Beyond Reflection: Teacher Learning as Praxis, written by Hoffman-Kipp et al. (2003), following the latest version of APA (2020) style.
First, it is crucial to mention the different types of in-text citations that have been found in the article: parenthetical citation and narrative citation. On the one hand, in a parenthetical citation, the author and the date are written in parenthesis. Additionally, the following lines are suitable examples of this type where the author makes use of the exact words from the primary source: “The majority of initial teacher reflection focuses on rule-governed practice, or how practice reflects or conforms to predetermined criteria” (Lindsay & Mason, 2000, p. 249). On the other hand, in narrative citations the date is followed by the author’s surname, in order to highlight it and that information goes between parentheses. For instance, the following fragment is taken from the article: “Dewey (1933) and Schön (1983) argued for a proactive and learner-centered form of reflection in which the practitioner becomes the owner of, and subject in, the process of his or her own reflection” (Dewey & Schön, 1983, p. 249). Considering the previous theory and reflection, there is an example from the text that lacks those rules. That is “Critiquing technical reflection (van Manen, 1977) has helped to widen the definition, content, and purposes of teacher reflection beyond more efficient implementation of professional practice.” (Dewey & Schön, 1983, p. 249) Here, the author’s surname is between parentheses instead of using it at the beginning of the sentence, without parentheses.
Regarding the references, APA (2020) 7th edition style expects writers to include them in an independent page. Relating this rule to the one in the article, the reference entry is connected with the paper analysis. However, the article’s author has ensured that the whole sources were listed in alphabetical order. To illustrate this, here are some examples taken from the references:
Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmonds-worth: Penguin.
Giroux, H. (1985). Teachers as transformative intellectuals. Social Education, 49(5), 376- 379.
(Hoffman-Kipp, et al., 2003, p. 254)
In conclusion, this paper follows some characteristics of the APA guidelines. Nevertheless, the article should be rewritten appropriately, focusing on the suggestions made before. The aim of those previous corrections is to engage the author to present the ideas in a clear and organized manner, and to give the readers a sense of professionalism and reliability.
References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Dewey, J. (1933). How we think: A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process.
Hoffman-Kipp, P., Artiles, A. & López-Torres, L. (2003). Beyond Reflection: Teacher Learning as Praxis.
Lindsay, A., & Mason, R. (2000). Focusing on reflection with early childhood practitioners. Networks: An on-line journal for teacher research, 3(2). http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/~ctd/networks/
Schön, D.A. (1983). The reflective practitioner. Basic Books.
Van Manen, M (1977). Linking ways of knowing with ways of being practical. Curriculum Inquiry, 6, 205-228.
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